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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Dedication
Preface
Contents
Table of Cases
European Union
European Commission – alphabetical list
European Court of Justice (ECJ) and General Court –alphabetical list
European Court of Justice (ECJ) and General Court–numerical list
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)
European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Court
ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)
ICSID (International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes)
National Cases
Australia
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
General
Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT)
United States of America
Table of Legislation
European Union
Decisions
Directives
Regulations
National Legislation
Austria
France
Germany
Ireland
United Kingdom
United States of America
Table of Statutory Instruments, Rules, and Practice Directions
United Kingdom (UK)
Table of Treaties and Conventions
Table of Rules of Arbitration and Articles of the Uncitral Model Law
List of Abbreviations
Epigraph
Main Text
Part I Concurrent Enforcement of Competition Law
1 Concurrent Enforcement of Competition Law
Preliminary Material
A The Problem and Roadmap of the Analysis
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
B Concurrent Enforcement of EU Competition Law
(1) The model under Regulation 17/62
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
(2) Modernization of EU competition law
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
(3) The development of private enforcement under EU law
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
C Concurrent Enforcement of UK Competition Law
(1) Historical development of UK competition law
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
(2) Criminalization of cartels
1.28
(3) The development of private enforcement under UK law
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
2 Administrative Proceedings
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
B Proceedings Brought by the Commission
(1) The European Commission
2.06
2.07
(2) Commencement of Commission investigations
2.08
(3) Sector inquiries
2.09
(4) Guidance letters
2.10
2.11
(5) Complaints
(a) Standing
2.12
2.13
(b) Admissibility
2.14
(c) Rejection of complaints
2.15
2.16
2.17
(6) The investigative stage
(a) Main features
2.18
2.19
2.20
(b) Requests for information
2.21
2.22
(c) Powers to take statements
2.23
(d) Powers of inspection
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
(7) The formal proceedings
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
(8) Decisions of the Commission
(a) Findings of inapplicability
2.39
2.40
(b) Interim measures
2.41
2.42
2.43
(c) Declarations of infringement and cease and desist orders
2.44
(d) Behavioural and structural remedies
2.45
2.46
2.47
(e) Commitments decisions
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
(f) Fining decisions
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
(g) Withdrawals of the benefit of a block exemption
2.56
(h) Procedural decisions
2.57
(9) Judicial review of Commission decisions
(a) Review of legality and unlimited jurisdiction
2.58
2.59
2.60
(b) Acts that can be challenged
2.61
2.62
2.63
(c) Effects of judgments: Res judicata and ne bis in idem
2.64
2.65
2.66
C Proceedings Brought by the CMA
(1) The CMA and the sector regulators
2.67
2.68
2.69
(2) Market studies and market references
2.70
2.71
2.72
(3) Proceedings for enforcement of Article 101, Article 102, the Chapter I prohibition, or the Chapter II prohibition
(a) The legal framework: EU law constraints and national procedural autonomy
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
(b) Powers of investigation
(i) The threshold for starting a formal investigation
2.77
(ii) Requests for information
2.78
(iii) Power to ask questions
2.79
(iv) Power to enter business premises without a warrant
2.80
(v) Power to enter business premises with a warrant
2.81
(vi) Power to enter domestic premises with a warrant
2.82
(vii) Privilege against self-incrimination
2.83
(viii) Legal professional privilege
2.84
(ix) Proportionality
2.85
(4) Decisions following an investigation
(a) Case closures
2.86
(b) Interim measures
2.87
2.88
(c) Infringement decisions
2.89
2.90
(d) Commitments decisions
2.91
2.92
2.93
(5) The CAT
(a) General
2.94
(b) Structure
2.95
(c) Jurisdiction
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
2.100
(d) Appeals under Competition Act 1998, sections 46 and 47
(i) Appealable decisions
2.101
2.102
2.103
2.104
2.105
(ii) Powers of the CAT in appeal cases
2.106
(e) Judicial review cases
2.107
(f) Appeal and judicial review cases: Interim orders
2.108
(g) Further appeals from judgments of the CAT
2.109
D Proceedings by Other EU National Competition Authorities
(1) Applicable procedure
2.110
2.111
2.112
2.113
2.114
2.115
2.116
(2) Case allocation within the European Competition Network
(a) General principles
2.117
2.118
2.119
2.120
(b) Commission Notice on cooperation within the network of competition authorities
2.121
2.122
2.123
2.124
2.125
2.126
2.127
2.128
(3) Decisions by national competition authorities
2.129
2.130
2.131
E Administrative Investigations in the United States
(1) Investigations by the Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, and the Federal Trade Commission
2.132
2.133
2.134
2.135
(2) Cooperation between US federal agencies and the Commission
2.136
2.137
2.138
2.139
3 Civil Proceedings
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
B Civil Proceedings in England and Wales
(1) Relationship and balance between EU and national law
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
(2) Jurisdiction
(a) Jurisdiction under the Brussels I Recast Regulation or the Lugano Convention
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
(b) Jurisdiction outside the scope of the Brussels I Recast Regulation or the Lugano Convention
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
(3) Venue
3.23
(4) Transfer of proceedings
(a) The enabling legislation: Section 16 of the Enterprise Act 2002
3.24
(b) Transfer of proceedings from the High Court to the Tribunal
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
(c) Transfer of proceedings from the Tribunal to the High Court
3.29
(5) Actions for damages
(a) The right to damages under EU law
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
(b) The cause of action under English law
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
(c) The nature of the damages
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
(6) Interim and final injunctions
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
(7) Competition law defences (or Euro-defences)
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
(8) Collective proceedings
(a) The Commission Recommendation on collective redress
3.63
3.64
3.65
(b) Claims brought in the High Court
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
(c) Claims brought in the CAT
(i) The failure of the representative claim model
3.70
(ii) Opt-in and opt-out collective proceedings
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
(9) The fast-track procedure in the CAT
3.76
3.77
3.78
(10) Limitation periods
3.79
3.80
3.81
C Directors’ Disqualification Proceedings in England and Wales
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.88
D References to the Court of Justice for Preliminary Rulings
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
E Civil Proceedings in the United States
(1) Civil enforcement by the Department of Justice, Antitrust Division
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99
3.100
(2) Actions for damages
3.101
3.102
3.103
3.104
3.105
3.106
3.107
3.108
3.109
3.110
3.111
(3) Jurisdiction of the US courts in antitrust matters
3.112
3.113
3.114
3.115
3.116
3.117
3.118
3.119
3.120
3.121
3.122
3.123
3.124
4 Criminal Proceedings
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
B Criminalization in the EU and Global Context
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
C The Policy behind Criminalization in the United Kingdom
4.10
4.11
4.12
D The UK Cartel Offence
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
E The Investigation
(1) The roles of the CMA and the SFO
4.18
4.19
(2) Powers of investigation
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
(3) No-action letters
4.30
F Prosecution, Trial, and Appeals
(1) Decision to prosecute
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
(2) Plea, committal, and trial
4.35
(3) Appeals and other remedies against first-instance decisions
4.36
4.37
G Interaction with EU Competition Law
4.38
4.39
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
H Extradition
4.46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
I Enforcement History
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
4.56
4.57
4.58
J Criminal Enforcement in the United States
(1) The offences
4.59
4.60
4.61
(2) Leniency
4.62
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.66
(3) Procedure
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
5 Fundamental Rights and General Principles
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
B Fundamental Rights
5.08
5.09
(1) Fundamental rights in EU law
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
(2) The European Convention on Human Rights
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
(3) The Human Rights Act 1998
5.21
5.22
5.23
C The ‘Criminal’ Nature of Competition Proceedings
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
D The Privilege against Self-Incrimination
(1) Defining the privilege?
5.29
5.30
5.31
(2) The privilege and concurrent proceedings
5.32
5.33
(3) The privilege under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
(4) The privilege under EU law
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
(5) Trends and tensions in English law
(a) The privilege in criminal proceedings
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
(b) The privilege in civil proceedings
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
(c) The privilege in administrative proceedings
5.56
5.57
5.58
E Legal Professional Privilege
(1) The privilege under the European Convention on Human Rights
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
(2) The privilege under EU law
5.63
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.67
5.68
(3) The privilege under English law
5.69
5.70
5.71
5.72
5.73
5.74
F The Right to Effective Judicial Protection
(1) The right to effective judicial protection and concurrent proceedings
5.75
5.76
5.77
5.78
(2) The standard of judicial review under Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights
5.79
5.80
5.81
5.82
(3) The historical development of the standard of review in EU competition law
5.83
5.84
5.85
(4) The KME case
5.86
5.87
5.88
5.89
5.90
(5) The post- KME case law
(a) Fining decisions
5.91
5.92
5.93
5.94
5.95
5.96
5.97
(b) Evidence of fact
5.98
5.99
(c) Matters of complex economic assessment
5.100
5.101
5.102
5.103
5.104
G Ne Bis in Idem
(1) Sources and definition
5.105
5.106
(2) Concurrent enforcement of competition law and the risk of multiple prosecutions and convictions for the same offence
5.107
(3) Avoiding the risk of multiple prosecutions and convictions as a matter of administrative discretion
5.108
5.109
5.110
5.111
(4) Foundations of the ne bis in idem principle
5.112
(a) Rights-based theories
5.113
(b) Freedom of movement theories
5.114
(c) Legitimacy
5.115
5.116
5.117
5.118
(d) Disciplinary theories
5.119
(e) Constitutional balancing of the values underpinning the ne bis in idem principle
5.120
5.121
(5) Ne bis in idem as a limit to parallel proceedings
(a) Definition of the same offence
5.122
5.123
5.124
5.125
(b) Fragmentation of the same offence
5.126
5.127
5.128
5.129
5.130
5.131
(c) The nature of the decision giving rise to a preclusion of further prosecution or punishment
5.132
5.133
5.134
5.135
5.136
5.137
5.138
5.139
5.140
5.141
5.142
5.143
5.144
(d) Setting aside of an acquittal or conviction on procedural grounds
5.145
5.146
5.147
5.148
5.149
(e) Relationship between EU and national law enforcement within the EU
5.150
5.151
5.152
5.153
5.154
5.155
(f) Relationship between proceedings within and outside the EU
5.156
5.157
5.158
5.159
5.160
5.161
H Procedural Autonomy of Member States under EU Law
5.162
5.163
5.164
5.165
5.166
5.167
Part II The Interplay Between Administrative, Civil, and Criminal Proceedings
6 Admissibility and Effect of Decisions in Other Proceedings
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
B Effect of Commission Decisions
(1) EU law provisions
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
(2) UK statutory law
6.11
6.12
6.13
(3) English common law
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
(4) Objective scope of the binding effect of Commission decisions
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
(5) Persons on whom Commission decisions are binding
(a) Addressees
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
(b) Third parties who are bound
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
(c) Third parties who are not bound
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
C Binding Effect of CMA Decisions
(1) Binding effect of infringement decisions
(a) The statutory scheme
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
(b) Continuing relevance of previous case law
6.47
6.48
6.49
(c) Scope of the infringement decision
6.50
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
6.56
6.57
(2) Binding effect of findings of fact in CMA decisions under section 58 of the Competition Act
6.58
6.59
6.60
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
6.68
(3) Persons on whom CMA decisions are binding
6.69
6.70
6.71
6.72
6.73
6.74
6.75
6.76
6.77
D Probative Value of Decisions of National Competition Authorities under Article 9(2) of the Directive on Damages Actions
(1) The concept of prima facie evidence
6.78
6.79
6.80
6.81
6.82
(2) Possible enhanced effect of decisions by national competition authorities of other Member States
6.83
6.84
6.85
(3) The scope of the probative value of a national competition authority decision under Article 9(2) of the Directive on damages actions
6.86
6.87
(4) Possible extended scope of the probative value of a national competition authority decision under Article 9(2) of the Directive on damages actions
6.88
E Effect of Administrative Decisions in Criminal Proceedings
(1) Commission decisions
(a) Decisions not binding
6.89
6.90
(b) Admissibility in evidence of the Commission decision
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.94
6.95
6.96
6.97
6.98
6.99
6.100
6.101
6.102
6.103
6.104
(2) Decisions of the CMA
6.105
6.106
6.107
(3) Decisions of national competition authorities of other Member States
6.108
F Admissibility and Effect of Civil Judgments and Criminal Convictions
(1) Admissibility and effect of civil judgments in administrative proceedings
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
(2) Admissibility and effect of civil judgments in criminal proceedings
6.113
(3) Admissibility and effect of criminal convictions in administrative proceedings
6.114
(4) Admissibility and effect of criminal convictions in civil proceedings
6.115
7 Disclosure and Admissibility of Evidence
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
B Use of Information Obtained by the Commission in Further Administrative Proceedings
(1) Use in further Commission proceedings
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
(2) Use in national administrative proceedings
(a) General rule on the exchange of information between the Commission and national competition authorities
7.23
(b) Use of information shared between the Commission and national competition authorities other than ‘in evidence’
7.24
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
(c) Exceptions to the sharing of information between the Commission and national competition authorities
7.29
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
(d) Protection of leniency applicants in the context of the exchange of information between the Commission and national competition authorities
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
7.42
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.49
7.50
7.51
C Use of Information Obtained by the CMA in Further Administrative Proceedings
(1) Use for other CMA proceedings
7.52
7.53
7.54
7.55
(2) Disclosure by the CMA for administrative proceedings by other public authorities
(a) Definition of ‘specified information’
7.56
7.57
7.58
7.59
7.60
(b) Consent
7.61
7.62
(c) EU obligations
7.63
7.64
(d) Permitted disclosure
7.65
7.66
7.67
7.68
7.69
7.70
7.71
7.72
(e) Position of leniency applicants
7.73
D Use of Information Obtained by the Commission (or National Competition Authorities of Other Member States) in Criminal Proceedings
7.74
7.75
7.76
7.77
7.78
7.79
7.80
7.81
E Use of Information Obtained by the CMA in Administrative Proceedings in Criminal Proceedings
7.82
7.83
7.84
7.85
7.86
7.87
7.88
7.89
F Use of Information Obtained by the Commission in Civil Proceedings
(1) Introduction
7.90
(2) The Directive on damages actions
(a) The disclosure regime under the Directive on damages actions
7.91
7.92
(b) The Black List
7.93
7.94
7.95
7.96
7.97
7.98
7.99
7.100
7.101
7.102
7.103
7.104
7.105
7.106
7.107
7.108
7.109
7.110
(c) The Grey List
7.111
7.112
(d) The White List
7.113
7.114
7.115
7.116
7.117
7.118
7.119
7.120
7.121
(3) Cooperation between competition authorities and national courts under Article 15
7.122
7.123
7.124
7.125
7.126
7.127
7.128
7.129
(4) Disclosure through the Transparency Regulation
7.130
7.131
7.132
7.133
7.134
7.135
7.136
7.137
7.138
7.139
7.140
7.141
G Use of Information Obtained by the CMA in Civil Proceedings
7.142
7.143
7.144
7.145
7.146
7.147
7.148
H Disclosure in English Law
(1) Disclosure under English law
7.149
7.150
7.151
7.152
(2) Exceptions to the duty to give disclosure: Legal professional privilege
7.153
7.154
7.155
7.156
7.157
(3) Exceptions to the duty to give disclosure: Public interest immunity
7.158
7.159
7.160
7.161
(4) Exceptions to the duty to give disclosure: Privilege against self-incrimination
7.162
7.163
7.164
7.165
7.166
(5) Protection of confidentiality at the disclosure stage
7.167
7.168
7.169
7.170
7.171
7.172
7.173
7.174
7.175
7.176
7.177
7.178
(6) Confidential treatment of parts of Commission decisions not amenable to judicial review by the EU Courts
7.179
7.180
7.181
7.182
7.183
7.184
7.185
7.186
7.187
7.188
(7) Disclosure prohibited by a foreign statute
7.189
(8) English disclosure rules and the EU Regulation on the taking of evidence
7.190
I Use in Administrative or Criminal Proceedings of Evidence Disclosed or Used in Civil Proceedings
(1) Subsequent use of documents obtained through civil disclosure: Rule and exceptions
7.191
7.192
(2) Permission of the court
7.193
7.194
7.195
7.196
7.197
7.198
7.199
7.200
7.201
7.202
7.203
(3) Consent
7.204
(4) Documents read to or by the court
7.205
7.206
7.207
7.208
(5) Protection orders under CPR, rule 31.22(2)
7.209
7.210
7.211
8 Case Management and Stays
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
8.01
8.02
B Clash of Jurisdictions (or Potential Wrongful Assumption of Jurisdiction)
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
C Civil and Administrative Proceedings
(1) The framework under Regulation 1/2003
8.07
8.08
8.09
8.10
(2) The case law of the Court of Justice: Discretion to stay
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
(3) The interpretation of the Commission in the 2004 Commission Notice on cooperation with national courts
8.22
8.23
8.24
(4) The approach of the English courts
(a) Sincere cooperation and procedural autonomy
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
(b) Prospective Commission proceedings
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
(c) Parallel Commission proceedings
(i) Stay on the setting down of the action for trial
8.35
8.36
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.40
(ii) Limited stay to ensure fairness to defendants
8.41
(iii) Partial stay and trial of discrete issues
8.42
8.43
(iv) Total stay
8.44
8.45
8.46
8.47
8.48
8.49
(d) Pending appeal against a Commission decision
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
(e) Stay of related actions and multi-party issues
8.54
8.55
(f) The position in the CAT
8.56
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
(g) Stays and interim measures
8.63
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.67
(h) Coordination of civil proceedings and CMA proceedings
8.68
8.69
8.70
8.71
8.72
8.73
8.74
8.75
(i) Circumstances in which a stay would not normally be granted
8.76
8.77
8.78
8.79
8.80
D Criminal and Civil Proceedings
8.81
8.82
8.83
8.84
8.85
8.86
8.87
8.88
8.89
8.90
8.91
8.92
E Criminal and Administrative Proceedings
(1) The problem
8.93
(2) Commission proceedings and criminal proceedings
8.94
8.95
8.96
8.97
8.98
8.99
8.100
8.101
8.102
8.103
8.104
(3) CMA administrative and criminal proceedings
8.105
8.106
Part III International Commercial Arbitration and ADR
9 Arbitration and ADR
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
B Arbitration and Competition Law Disputes
(1) Arbitrability
9.09
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
(a) Arbitrability of Article 101(3)
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
(2) Limits to the arbitration of competition disputes
(a) Arbitrability of contractual claims
9.18
(b) Privity of contract
9.19
(c) Arbitrability of tort claims
9.20
9.21
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
(d) Class action waivers
9.35
(e) Consumer disputes
9.36
9.37
(f) Exclusive powers of competition authorities
9.38
9.39
(3) Review of arbitral awards
(a) General
9.40
9.41
9.42
9.43
9.44
(b) The boundaries of public policy
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
(c) Standard of review
9.49
9.50
9.51
9.52
9.53
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59
C Interaction between Arbitration and Public Enforcement
(1) The analytical framework
9.60
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.65
9.66
9.67
9.68
9.69
9.70
(2) Effect of administrative decisions
9.71
9.72
9.73
9.74
9.75
(3) Cooperation and evidence
(a) Request by competition authorities of evidence produced in the arbitration
9.76
9.77
9.78
9.79
(b) Cooperation between arbitral tribunals and competition authorities
9.80
9.81
9.82
9.83
9.84
9.85
9.86
(c) Admissibility of evidence obtained by a competition authority
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.90
(d) Order for production of documents submitted to a competition authority
9.91
9.92
9.93
9.94
9.95
9.96
(e) Testimony of officials of the competition authority
9.97
9.98
(4) Stays
9.99
9.100
9.101
9.102
9.103
9.104
9.105
9.106
9.107
(5) Arbitration and criminal proceedings
9.108
9.109
9.110
9.111
D ADR and Competition Disputes
9.112
9.113
9.114
(1) Mediation of EU and US competition disputes
9.115
9.116
9.117
(2) Mediation and national courts
9.118
9.119
(3) Mediation and national competition authorities
9.120
9.121
9.122
9.123
9.124
9.125
9.126
(4) Enforceability of a mediation agreement
9.127
9.128
9.129
9.130
9.131
9.132
9.133
(5) Validity of the settlement agreement
9.134
9.135
9.136
9.137
(6) Use of mediation evidence in civil proceedings
9.138
9.139
9.140
9.141
9.142
9.143
9.144
(7) Use of mediation evidence in administrative proceedings
9.145
9.146
Further Material
Index
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Table of Treaties and Conventions
From:
Competition Enforcement and Procedure (2nd Edition)
Renato Nazzini
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Oxford Competition Law [OCL]
Published in print:
25 August 2016
ISBN:
9780199578832
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