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- Preliminary Material
- Preface
- Contents
- Table of Cases
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Brazil
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- European Union
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hong Kong
- Hungary
- India
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Korea
- Lithuania
- Mexico
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Table of Legislation
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Brazil
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- European Union
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hong Kong
- Hungary
- India
- International Treaties and Conventions
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Korea
- Lithuania
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
- List of Abbreviations
- Reappearing throughout chapters
- 1 Argentina
- 2 Australia
- 3 Austria
- 4 Brazil
- 5 Canada
- 6 Chile
- 7 China
- 8 Colombia
- 9 Czech Republic
- 10 Denmark
- 11 Estonia
- 12 European Union (EU)
- 13 Finland
- 14 France
- 15 Germany
- 16 Greece
- 17 Hong Kong
- 18 Hungary
- 19 India
- 20 Ireland
- 21 Israel
- 22 Italy
- 23 Japan
- 24 Korea
- 25 Lithuania
- 26 Malaysia
- 27 Mexico
- 28 The Netherlands
- 29 New Zealand
- 30 Norway
- 31 Peru
- 32 Poland
- 33 Portugal
- 34 Romania
- 35 Russia
- 36 South Africa
- 37 Spain
- 38 Sweden
- 39 Switzerland
- 40 Taiwan
- 41 Turkey
- 42 United Kingdom
- 43 United States
- Main Text
- 1 Argentina
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 1.04
- 1.05
- 1.06
- 1.07
- 1.08
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 1.54
- 1.55
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 2 Australia
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- A The general prohibition against misuse of market power
- B Predatory pricing
- C Exploitative offenses
- D Monopsony
- E Price discrimination
- F Dictating or influencing resale prices
- G Tying arrangements
- H Exclusive dealing
- I Refusal to deal
- J Essential facilities
- K Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- L Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- M Customer termination
- N Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- O Termination of relationships with competitors
- P Exemptions
- Q Express exemptions in s. 51 of the CCA
- R Authorization
- S Notification
- II Dealing with competitors
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Cartel conduct
- C Anticompetitive contracts, arrangements, or understandings
- D Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- E Horizontal boycotts
- F Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- G Trade associations
- H Interlocking directorates
- I Facilitating practices
- J Information exchange
- K Joint purchasing agreements
- L Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 3 Austria
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 3.06
- 3.07
- 3.08
- 3.09
- A Agreements with non-competing businesses
- B Predatory pricing
- C Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- D Monopsony
- E Price discrimination
- F Dictating or influencing resale prices
- G Tying arrangements
- H Exclusive dealing
- I Refusal to deal
- J Essential facilities
- K Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- L Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- M Customer termination
- N Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- O Termination of relationships with competitors
- P Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 3.56
- 3.57
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 4 Brazil
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 4.05
- 4.06
- 4.07
- 4.08
- 4.09
- 4.10
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 4.31
- 4.32
- 4.33
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency, immunity, and settlements
- H Settlements
- I Document creation and retention
- 5 Canada
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 5.02
- 5.03
- 5.04
- 5.05
- 5.06
- 5.07
- 5.08
- A Exclusionary conduct
- B Predatory conduct
- C Recent enforcement highlight
- D Predatory pricing
- E Exploitative offenses
- F Monopsony
- G Price discrimination
- H Dictating or influencing resale prices
- I Tying arrangements
- J Exclusive dealing
- K Refusal to deal
- L Essential facilities
- M Bundling
- N Standard-setting groups
- O Customer termination
- P Termination of intermediaries
- Q Termination of relationships with competitors
- R Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 5.40
- 5.41
- 5.42
- 5.43
- 5.44
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 6 Chile
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 6.10
- 6.11
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 6.41
- 6.42
- 6.43
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 7 China
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 7.09
- 7.10
- 7.11
- 7.12
- 7.13
- 7.14
- 7.15
- 7.16
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers and value added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 7.59
- 7.60
- 7.61
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 8 Colombia
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 8.11
- 8.12
- 8.13
- 8.14
- 8.15
- 8.16
- 8.17
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 9 Czech Republic
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 9.03
- 9.04
- 9.05
- 9.06
- 9.07
- 9.08
- 9.09
- 9.10
- 9.11
- 9.12
- A Agreements with non-competing businesses
- B Predatory pricing
- C Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- D Monopsony
- E Price discrimination
- F Dictating or influencing resale prices
- G Tying arrangements
- H Exclusive dealing
- I Refusal to deal
- J Essential facilities
- K Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- L Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- M Customer termination
- N Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- O Termination of relationships with competitors
- P Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 9.51
- 9.52
- 9.53
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorships
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (including role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 10 Denmark
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 10.02
- 10.03
- 10.04
- 10.05
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 10.37
- 10.38
- 10.39
- 10.40
- 10.41
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Exchanges of historic pricing information
- J Joint purchasing agreements
- K Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 11 Estonia
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 11.04
- 11.05
- 11.06
- 11.07
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 11.37
- 11.38
- 11.39
- 11.40
- 11.41
- 11.42
- 11.43
- 11.44
- 11.45
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Exchange of historic pricing information
- J Joint purchasing agreements
- K Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 12 European Union
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 12.11
- 12.12
- 12.13
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 12.67
- 12.68
- 12.69
- 12.70
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 13 Finland
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 13.04
- 13.05
- 13.06
- 13.07
- 13.08
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 13.46
- 13.47
- 13.48
- 13.49
- 13.50
- 13.51
- 13.52
- 13.53
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 14 France
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- A Anticompetitive agreements
- B Abuse of dominance
- C Predatory pricing
- D Exploitative offenses
- E Monopsony
- F Price discrimination
- G Dictating or influencing resale prices
- H Tying arrangements
- I Exclusive dealing
- J Refusal to deal
- K Essential facilities
- L Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- M Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- N Customer termination
- O Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- P Termination of relationships with competitors
- Q Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 14.83
- 14.84
- 14.85
- 14.86
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 15 Germany
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 15.05
- 15.06
- 15.07
- 15.08
- 15.09
- 15.10
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative Offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 15.53
- 15.54
- 15.55
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 16 Greece
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 16.09
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 16.47
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 17 Hong Kong
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- A The general prohibition against misuse of market power
- B Predatory pricing
- C Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- D Dominance
- E Excessive market regulation
- F Monopsony
- G Price discrimination
- H Dictating or influencing resale prices
- I Tying arrangements
- J Exclusive dealing
- K Refusal to deal
- L Essential facilities
- M Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- N Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- O Customer termination
- P Termination of intermediaries
- Q Termination of relationships with competitors
- R Exclusions and exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- A The general prohibition against anticompetitive concerted conduct
- B Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- C Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- D Horizontal boycotts
- E Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- F Trade associations
- G Interlocking directorates
- H Facilitating practices
- I Information exchange
- J Joint purchasing agreements
- K Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust System
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 18 Hungary
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- A Anticompetitive agreements and understandings with non-competitors
- B Abuse of a dominant position
- C Predatory pricing
- D Exploitative offenses
- E Monopsony
- F Price discrimination
- G Dictating or influencing resale prices
- H Tying arrangements
- I Exclusive dealing
- J Refusal to deal
- K Essential facilities
- L Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- M Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- N Customer termination
- O Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- P Termination of relationships with competitors
- Q Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 18.45
- 18.46
- 18.47
- 18.48
- 18.49
- 18.50
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 19 India
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 19.03
- 19.04
- 19.05
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 19.38
- 19.39
- 19.40
- 19.41
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Plus factors
- I Information exchange
- J Joint purchasing agreements
- K Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 20 Ireland
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 20.11
- 20.12
- 20.13
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 20.39
- 20.40
- 20.41
- 20.42
- 20.43
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- (ii) Criminal liability
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 21 Israel
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 21.05
- 21.06
- A Monopoly Proclamation and abuse of monopoly position
- B Predatory pricing
- C Exploitative offenses
- D Monopsony
- E Price discrimination
- F Dictating or influencing resale prices
- G Tying arrangements
- H Exclusive dealing
- I Refusal to deal
- J Essential facilities
- K Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- L Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- M Customer termination
- N Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- O Termination of relationships with competitors
- P Exemptions
- Q Concentrated group
- II Dealing with competitors
- 21.64
- 21.65
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 22 Italy
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 22.09
- 22.10
- 22.11
- 22.12
- 22.13
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 22.50
- 22.51
- 22.52
- 22.53
- 22.54
- 22.55
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 23 Japan
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 23.07
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 23.67
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (including the role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- H Document creation and retention
- 24 Korea
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 24.06
- A Abuses of dominance
- B Unfair trade practices
- C Predatory pricing
- D Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- E Price discrimination
- F Dictating or influencing resale prices
- G Tying arrangements
- H Exclusive dealing
- I Refusal to deal
- J Essential facilities
- K Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- L Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- M Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 24.53
- 24.54
- 24.55
- 24.56
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Information exchange
- H Joint purchasing agreements
- I Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 25 Lithuania
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 25.03
- 25.04
- A Abuse of dominant position
- B Agreements between non-competitors
- C Predatory pricing
- D Exploitative offenses
- E Monopsony
- F Price discrimination
- G Dictating or influencing resale prices
- H Tying arrangements
- I Exclusive dealing
- J Refusal to deal
- K Essential facilities
- L Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- M Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- N Customer termination
- O Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- P Termination of relationships with competitors
- Q Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 25.57
- 25.58
- 25.59
- 25.60
- A Horizontal price fixing (including advanced announcements of price or product changes)
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 26 Malaysia
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- A Applicable law
- B Abuse of dominant position
- C Predatory pricing
- D Exploitative offenses
- E Monopsony
- F Price discrimination
- G Dictating or influencing resale prices
- H Tying
- I Exclusive dealing
- J Refusal to deal
- K Essential facilities
- L Bundling (including loyalty and market shares discount)
- M Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- N Customer termination
- O Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- P Termination of relationships with competitors
- Q Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 26.57
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- 27 Mexico
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 27.10
- 27.11
- 27.12
- 27.13
- 27.14
- 27.15
- 27.16
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses (excessive pricing, monopoly leveraging)
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling (including loyalty and market share discounts)
- K Standard-setting groups (disclosure requirements, licensing arrangements, and licensing pools)
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, dealers, and value-added resellers, agents, and brokers)
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 27.54
- A Horizontal price fixing
- B Horizontal agreements to allocate customers or territories; agreements not to compete
- C Horizontal boycotts
- D Joint ventures and other competitive collaborations
- E Trade associations
- F Interlocking directorates
- G Facilitating practices
- H Information exchange
- I Joint purchasing agreements
- J Joint lobbying/regulatory/legislative efforts
- III General issues
- A Jurisdiction and applicable law (including sector-specific competition regulation)
- B Antitrust system
- C Private litigation
- D Follow-on litigation (includes role of agency determinations of liability for follow-on litigation)
- E Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- F Remedies
- G Leniency and immunity
- I Document creation and retention
- 28 The Netherlands
- Introduction
- I Acting alone
- 28.02
- 28.03
- 28.04
- 28.05
- 28.06
- A Predatory pricing
- B Exploitative offenses
- C Monopsony
- D Price discrimination
- E Dictating or influencing resale prices
- F Tying arrangements
- G Exclusive dealing
- H Refusal to deal
- I Essential facilities
- J Bundling
- K Standard-setting groups
- L Customer termination
- M Termination of intermediaries
- N Termination of relationships with competitors
- O Exemptions
- II Dealing with competitors
- 1 Argentina