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The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement - Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges by Whelan, Peter (7th August 2014)
- Preliminary Material
- Main Text
- Introduction
- 1 An Introduction to European Antitrust Criminalization and Its Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges
- A Background and Context to the Book: ‘The European Antitrust Criminalization Debate’
- B Aim of the Book
- C Scope of the Book
- D Methodology Employed in the Book
- (a) Critical analysis of the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges
- (i) Each category of challenges is analysed separately
- (ii) Theoretical challenges analysed before legal and practical challenges
- (iii) Legal challenges analysed before practical challenges
- (iv) Unique aspects of the approach to theoretical challenges
- (v) Unique aspects of the approach to legal challenges
- (vi) Unique aspects of the approach to practical challenges
- (vii) The critical analyses are used to identify potential links between the respective challenges
- (b) Specific sources relied upon in the book
- (a) Critical analysis of the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges
- E Structure and Layout of the Book
- 1 An Introduction to European Antitrust Criminalization and Its Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges
- Part I Theoretical Challenges
- 2 Potential Theoretical Justifications for European Antitrust Criminalization
- A Introduction
- B Two Relevant Theories of Antitrust Criminalization
- C The Relative Merits and Demerits of the Two Theories
- D The Current Relevance of Both Theories for EU Antitrust Enforcement
- E Conclusion
- 3 European Antitrust Criminalization and the Challenge of Deterrence Theory
- A Introduction
- B Step 1: Identifying the Deficiencies of the Current Approach to Deterrence
- C Step 2: A ‘Robust’ Criminalization Argument: Employing Criminal Punishment to Rectify the (Deterrence-Related) Deficiencies Identified
- D Step 3: Identifying and Analysing the Limitations of the Criminalization Argument Advanced (and Therefore the Challenge of Deterrence Theory)
- (a) The ‘appropriateness’ of criminal antitrust sanctions in the absence of (negative) moral content
- (b) The difficulty of applying economic deterrence theory to justify criminalizing cartel activity
- (c) The lack of an effective alternative
- E Conclusion
- 4 European Antitrust Criminalization and the Challenge of Retribution Theory
- A Introduction
- B Step 1: Establishing a Framework to Determine ‘Moral Content’
- C Step 2: Employing the Framework to Examine the Moral Content of Cartel Activity (and Hence the Challenge of a Retribution-Based Criminalization Argument)
- D Conclusion
- 2 Potential Theoretical Justifications for European Antitrust Criminalization
- Part II Legal Challenges
- 5 European Antitrust Criminalization and the First Challenge of Due Process: A ‘Strengthening of Rights’ in Favour of the Accused?
- A Introduction
- B Step 1: Articulating the Legal Framework
- C Step 2: Determining the Validity of the ‘Strengthening of Rights’ Contention
- D Step 3: Determining the Impact of the ‘Strengthening of Rights’ Contention
- E Conclusion
- 6 European Antitrust Criminalization and the Second Challenge of Due Process: Imposing Criminal Sanctions alongside Civil Sanctions
- A Introduction
- B Step 1: Determining the Validity of the ‘Additional Dynamic’ Contention
- C Step 2: Determining the Impact of the ‘Additional Dynamic’ Contention
- (a) Exchange of information
- (b) Ne bis in idem
- (c) Concurrent proceedings
- D Conclusion
- 7 European Antitrust Criminalization and the Challenge of Legal Certainty
- A Introduction
- B The Principle of Legal Certainty
- C Legal Certainty and the Concept of a Criminal Antitrust Offence
- D Legal Certainty and the Substance of a Criminal Antitrust Offence: Avoiding the Pitfalls of the UK Experience
- E Legal Certainty and the Existence of a Criminal Antitrust Offence: The Issue of ‘Sleeping Giants’
- F Conclusion
- 5 European Antitrust Criminalization and the First Challenge of Due Process: A ‘Strengthening of Rights’ in Favour of the Accused?
- Part III Practical Challenges
- 8 European Antitrust Criminalization and the First Challenge of Design: Defining the Criminal Cartel Offence
- 9 European Antitrust Criminalization and the Second Challenge of Design: Understanding the Complexities of Leniency/Immunity
- A Introduction
- B The Co-Existence of Administrative Leniency/Immunity and Criminal Sanctions
- C The Unique Challenges of Criminal Immunity
- D Conclusion
- 10 European Antitrust Criminalization and the Third Challenge of Design: Identifying the Desirable Enforcement Strategies
- Conclusion
- 11 Concluding Remarks on the Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges of European Antitrust Criminalization
- A Introduction
- B Antitrust Criminalization Presents Difficult Theoretical Challenges
- C Antitrust Criminalization Must Overcome Complicated Legal Challenges
- D Antitrust Criminalization Must Overcome Complicated Practical Challenges
- E The Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges of European Antitrust Criminalization Cannot Be Analysed in Isolation
- F Final Comments: Suggestions for Future Research
- 11 Concluding Remarks on the Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges of European Antitrust Criminalization
- Introduction
- Further Material
