Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato v Air Corporate Srl and AIRI Srl, Judgment, Judgment No 6214/2021, OCL 321 (IT 2021), 15th April 2021, Italy; Council of State

Whether a non-operating holding company controlling almost all of its subsidiary’s share capital could be considered, pursuant to the competition law principle of presumption of parental liability, jointly liable for an infringement of competition law materially perpetrated by its subsidiary even absent any evidence of the actual exercise of a decisive influence over the subsidiary’s conduct.