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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
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Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
China
European Court of Justice
Germany
United States
Table of Legislation
Laws and Regulations of the People’s Republic of China
Judicial Interpretation
Judicial Judgements
Administrative Decisions
Other Chinese Official Documents
European Union
Germany
Taiwan
Table of Treaties and International Instruments
Notes on Editors and Contributors
Editors
Associate Editor
Contributors
Main Text
1 Introduction to IP and Anti-Monopoly Legislation and Practice in China
1 Intellectual Property Law
1.1 Development history of China’s intellectual property legal system
1.2 ‘Dual-track approach’ to regulate IP in China
1.2.1 Administrative management
1.2.2 Judicial protection
2 Anti-Monopoly Law
3 Anti-Unfair Competition Law
4 Relationship between the Anti-Monopoly Law and IP Law
5 Case Analysis
5.1 NDRC
5.2 MOFCOM
5.2.1 Conditional clearance of Bayer’s acquisition of Monsanto
5.2.2 Conditional clearance of Nokia’s acquisition of Alcatel Lucent
5.2.3 Conditional clearance of acquisition by Microsoft of Nokia’s devices and services business
Nokia’s commitments:
5.2.4 Conditional clearance of Google’s acquisition of Motorola Mobility
5.3 Chinese People’s Courts
6 Way Forward
2 Patent Type Requirements and Procedure from Filing to Granting
1 Introduction
1.1 Patent Law and related regulations: Historical background
1.2 The State Intellectual Property Office and the local Intellectual Property Offices
1.3 Accession to international treaties in relation to Patents
1.4 Statistics
1.5 Jurisdiction
2 Definition and Requirements for Granting Patent
2.1 Invention, utility model, and design
2.2 Duration
2.3 Conditions for granting invention and utility model patents
2.4 Conditions for granting a design patent
2.5 Coexistence between utility model patent and application for invention patent
2.6 Co-ownership of the invention
2.7 Employees’ inventions
2.8 Right to be named inventor
2.9 Transfer, licence, and pledge
2.10 Compulsory licence
2.11 Foreign applicant filing patent in China
2.12 Chinese applicant filing patent abroad—National security scrutiny
2.13 Scope of protection
3 Procedure from Filing to Granting Patent
3.1 Patent application: invention and utility model
3.2 Convention priority (Article 29)
3.3 Grace period
3.4 Amendments
3.5 Withdrawal of the application
3.6 Preliminary examination
3.7 Publication and granting of utility model and design
3.8 Substantive examination
3.9 Office action
3.10 Patent Prosecution Highway and accelerated examination
3.11 Publication and granting
3.12 Re-examination
3.13 Termination
3.14 Invalidation
3 Patent Litigation in China
1 Status of Patent Lawsuits in China
2 Legal Framework of Chinese Patent Infringement System
2.1 Claim interpretation
2.1.1 Who is the interpreter?
2.1.2 Evidence for the interpretation
2.2 Standard of determining patent infringement—All elements rule
2.2.1 Literal infringement
2.2.2 Doctrine of equivalents
2.2.3 Prosecution history estoppel
2.3 Defence to patent infringement
2.3.1 Prior art defence
2.3.2 Legitimate source defence
3 How to Litigate a Patent Case in China
3.1 Evidence collection
3.1.1 Webpage notarization
3.1.2 Notarized purchase of infringing product
3.1.3 Onsite investigation and notarized purchase of sample
3.2 Venue and filing of lawsuit
3.2.1 Venue
3.2.2 Evidence preservation
3.3 Court hearing
3.3.1 Infringement analysis report issued by Judicial Appraisal Center
3.3.2 Technical investigator
3.4 Injunction
3.5 Monetary damages
4 Existing Problems of the Chinese Patent System and the Potential Reforms
4.1 Existing problems of the Chinese patent system
4.2 Potential reform of the Chinese patent system
4.2.1 Establishment of the National Intellectual Property High Court
4.2.2 Establishment of discovery procedure
4.2.3 Perfection of the system for compensatory damages
4.2.4 Perfection of preliminary injunction
4 Trademarks and Related Rights in China
1 Overview
2 Trademarks that Can be Registered
2.1 Elements of a trademark
2.2 Marks that cannot be used as trademark
2.3 Distinctiveness and non-functionality
2.4 Prior rights
3 Trademark Infringement
3.1 Overview of trademark infringement
3.2 Trademark use
3.3 Likelihood of confusion
3.4 Liability of online platform
4 Remedies
4.1 Injunctions
4.2 Damages
5 Protection of Well-known Trademark
5.1 Definition and determination
5.2 Protection
6 Concluding Remarks
5 Intellectual Property Courts in China
1 Introduction
2 Background to the Establishment of China’s IP Courts
3 Rationale for the Establishment of Specialized IP Courts
3.1 Policy reasons
3.2 The increasing number of IP cases
3.3 The complexity and technical nature of IP disputes
3.4 Lack of judicial consistency
3.5 The problem of circuity of action
4 Main Features of the Specialized IP Court System
4.1 Scope of jurisdiction
4.2 The relationship between the specialized IP courts and general courts
5 Characteristics of the Specialized IP Courts in China
5.1 The use of technical investigation officers
5.2 Establishing a system of guiding IP cases
6 Shortcomings in the Specialized IP Court System
6.1 Absence of IP appellate courts
6.2 Absence of jurisdiction to hear IP-related criminal cases
6.3 Recruitment and retention of high calibre judges
7 Conclusion
Bibliography
6 Copyright and Competition: Law and Enforcement in the People’s Republic of China
1 Introduction
2 The Current System
3 Market Definition and Abuse of Dominant Market Position
4 Burden of Proof in Court
5 Technological Protection Measures
6 Conclusion
7 SEPs and Competition Law: From the Perspective of Huawei v IDC Case
1 Introduction
2 Whether a Proprietor of SEPs Holds Dominant Market Position?
2.1 Definition of relevant market
2.2 Market position of IDC
3 FRAND Royalty of SEPs
3.1 Determination of FRAND royalty
3.2 FRAND royalty and anti-monopoly law
3.3 FRAND royalty and contract law
4 Injunction Sought by SEPs Proprietors
4.1 Limitation to the injunction sought by SEPs proprietors
4.2 Pre-condition of application for and defence of injunction
5 Several Inspirations and Thoughts
5.1 Application of AML to SEPs enforcement
5.2 Problem of Article 55 of the AML
5.3 Issues to be resolved after Huawei v IDC
8 Intellectual Property Rights and China’s Competition Law Enforcement: Implications for Foreign Rights Holders
1 Introduction
2 China’s Industrial Strategy
3 The AML and Intellectual Property Rights
4 Selected IPR Cases Decided under China’s AML
5 Prospects for AML Enforcement and Foreign Rights Holders
9 Anti-Competitive Agreements and Intellectual Property Licensing in China
1 Introduction
2 Legislation and Practice Prior to the AML
2.1 Legal framework
2.1.1 International treaty
2.1.2 Chinese laws and regulations
2.1.2.1 Contract law
2.1.2.2 Foreign trade law
2.1.2.3 Patent law
2.1.2.4 Administration regulation over technology import and export
2.1.2.5 Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court
2.2 High-profile case: Intel v Dongjin
2.2.1 Relevant parties
2.2.2 Disputes
2.2.3 Final settlement and its implication
2.3 Summary of legislation and cases before the AML
3 Legislation and Practice since the AML
3.1 Regulatory approach of the AML
3.2 SAIC provisions
3.3 Proposed guidelines
3.3.1 Draft of SAIC IPRs guidelines
3.3.2 Draft of NDRC IPRs guidelines
3.3.2.1 Background
3.3.2.2 General introduction
3.3.2.3 Analyses in detail
3.3.2.4 Differences from the draft of SAIC IPRs guidelines
3.3.3 Draft of exemption guidelines
3.4 Standard essential patents
3.4.1 General introduction
3.4.2 Situations in China
3.5 Practice
4 Conclusion and Looking Forward
10 Abuse of Dominance and Intellectual Property in China
1 Abuse of Dominance under the AML
1.1 Market definition
1.2 Dominant position
1.3 Abuse
1.4 Powers to enforce against abuse of a dominant position under the AML
2 Legislative Framework for Assessing Abuse of Dominance in an IP Context
2.1 Legislative background
2.2 Supplementary guidelines and regulations
2.2.1 The SAIC IP Regulation
2.2.2 State Council draft IP guidelines
3 Enforcement Cases and Private Actions in Relation to IP
3.1 Investigations by the NDRC
3.1.1 Qualcomm
3.1.2 InterDigital
3.1.3 Pharmaceutical industry
3.2 Investigations by the SAIC
3.3 IP Litigation
3.3.1 Huawei v InterDigital
4 Influence of Investigation Decisions and Case Law on the Authorities’ Guidelines
5 Abuses of a Dominant Position in an IP Context
5.1 Excessive royalties
5.2 Refusal to license
5.3 Tying and bundling
5.4 Imposing unreasonable licensing conditions
5.5 Applying differential treatment to similar customers
5.6 Seeking injunctive relief
6 Conclusion
11 Competition Law and Industrial Policy in China
1 Introduction
2 The Competition Law Framework in China
2.1 Pre-AML competition-related laws
2.2 Post-AML competition law institutions and regulations
3 Industrial Policy in China
3.1 Defining ‘industrial policy’ in China
3.2 The relationship between industrial policy and competition policy
3.3 The significance of industrial policy in pre- and post-AML China
3.3.1 The effect of industrial policy on market competition before the AML
3.3.2 The accommodation of industrial policy within the AML
4 Merger Regulation in China: Industrial Policy and State-owned Enterprises
4.1 The China Unicom-China Netcom merger
4.2 The China Eastern Airlines-Shanghai Airlines merger
5 Industrial Policy Considerations in the Application of the AML to Intellectual Property Rights
5.1 Regulations and guidelines concerned with abuses of intellectual property rights
5.2 Industrial policy and the AML in patent licensing disputes before the Chinese courts: Huawei v IDC (2013)
5.2.1 An SEP holder’s FRAND licensing obligations under Chinese law: Huawei v IDC (2013–305)
5.2.2 Abuse of dominance by an SEP holder under Chinese law: Huawei v IDC (2013–306)
6 Conclusion
12 Merger Control and its Impact on Innovation in China*
1 Introduction
2 Innovation at the Core of the Chinese Government’s Industrial Policy
3 Innovation and Chinese Competition Law
3.1 Innovation in the AML and other policy instruments
3.2 Innovation in the Draft AMC IPR Guidelines
3.2.1 General principles in the Draft AMC IPR Guidelines
3.2.2 Merger control in the Draft AMC IPR Guidelines
4 Innovation-related Issues as Grounds for Interventions
4.1 Concentration as a threat to innovation
4.1.1 The 2009 Coca-Cola/Huiyuan case
4.1.2 The 2011 Seagate/Samsung HDD and 2012 Western Digital/Hitachi GST cases: The hard-disk drive saga
4.1.3 The 2013 MediaTek/MStar case
4.1.4 The 2015 Freescale/NXP case
4.1.5 The 2017 Dow/Dupont case
4.1.6 The 2017 Silicon Precision Industries/Advanced Semiconductor Engineering case
4.2 Concentrations leading to new barriers to entry
4.2.1 The 2009 Pfizer/Wyeth case
4.2.2 The 2011 Alpha V/Savio case
4.2.3 The 2011 Seagate/Samsung HDD and 2012 Western Digital/Hitachi GST cases
4.2.4 The 2012 UTC/Goodrich case
4.2.5 The 2013 Baxter/Gambro case
4.2.6 The 2015 Freescale/NXP case
4.2.7 The 2017 Bayer/Monsanto case
4.3 Concentrations reducing access to technologies
4.3.1 The 2011 General Electric/CSCLC case
4.3.2 The 2012 Google/Motorola case
4.3.3 The 2012 ARM/G&D/Gemalto case
4.3.4 The 2013 MediaTek/MStar case
4.3.5 The 2014 Microsoft/Nokia case
4.3.6 The 2014 Merck/AZ Electronic Materials case
4.3.7 The 2014 Corun/Toyota/PEVE/Sinogy case
4.3.8 The 2015 Nokia/Alcatel Lucent case
4.4 The promotion of innovation as an efficiency defence
5 Conclusion
Further Material
Index
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Table of Cases
Ioannis Kokkoris, Spyros Maniatis, Xiaoye Wang
From:
Competition Law and Intellectual Property in China
Edited By: Spyros Maniatis, Ioannis Kokkoris, Xiaoye Wang
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Oxford Competition Law [OCL]
Published in print:
31 January 2019
ISBN:
9780198793526
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